TDS Explained: Tax Deducted at Source — All You Need to Know
In this guide
Step-by-step Process
What is TDS?
TDS (Tax Deducted at Source) is a mechanism where the payer deducts tax before making payment to the recipient. It applies to salary, interest, rent, professional fees, contractor payments, etc.
Key TDS Rates (FY 2025-26)
Salary (192): As per tax slab. FD Interest above ₹40K (194A): 10%. Rent above ₹50K/month (194IB): 2%. Professional fees above ₹30K (194J): 10%. Lottery/prize above ₹10K (194B): 30%.
How to Check TDS Deducted (Form 26AS)
Log in to incometax.gov.in. Go to "e-File" > "Income Tax Returns" > "View Form 26AS". This shows all TDS deducted by various deductors against your PAN.
Claim TDS Refund
If excess TDS was deducted (actual tax < TDS deducted), file your ITR to claim a refund. The refund is directly credited to your pre-validated bank account, usually within 20-45 days.
Avoid TDS Using Form 15G/15H
If your total income is below the taxable limit, submit Form 15G (below 60 years) or 15H (senior citizens) to your bank or deductor to avoid TDS on interest/rental income.
Official Government Portals
Common Questions
What if there is a mismatch between Form 16 and Form 26AS?
Contact your employer to issue a corrected Form 16. The mismatch can lead to tax notices. Always use Form 26AS as the final reference since it reflects actual deposits with the government.
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